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Any employer who requires or permits employees to wear a respirator must have a written respiratory protection program. This is required by OSHA in both of their asbestos standards and their respiratory protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134). The written respirator program establishes standard operating procedures concerning the use and maintenance of respiratory equipment. In addition to having such a written program, the employer must also be able to demonstrate that the program is enforced and updated as necessary. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 regulation
The OSHA regulations spell out just what must be included in a written program. Below, these items are discussed with special emphasis on applications to work performed by asbestos abatement personnel.
An effective respirator program as adapted from A Guide to Respiratory Protection for the Asbestos Abatement Industry, (U.S.EPA/NIOSH publication, EPA-560- OPTS86-001 September 1986) should include:
All of the above items are required by OSHA if employees wear respirators during work (which they should be if they are working with or around friable asbestos-containing materials ACM!).
Keep In Mind
Respirators should be used for protection only when engineering controls have been shown to be infeasible for the control of the hazard or during the interim period when engineering controls are being installed. (See the Exposure Control Priority.)
Every employer should prepare a clear concise policy regarding the use of respirators by their employees when performing asbestos abatement activities. This policy should serve as the guiding principal for the preparation, implementation, and enforcement of an effective respiratory protection program.
A program administrator must be designated by name. This person is responsible for implementation of, and adherence to, the provisions of the respiratory protection program. It is usually a good idea to also designate a person who is responsible for enforcement of the procedures at each job site. Procedures should also be outlined for enforcement of the program. Enforcement procedures and the development of the program as a whole should be done in conjunction with and input from the employees and/or their representatives.
Respirators used shall be selected from those approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for use in atmospheres containing asbestos fibers. A NIOSH-approved respirator contains the following- an assigned identification number associated with each unit; a label identifying the type of hazard the respirator is designed to protect against; additional information on the label which indicates limitations and identifies the component parts approved for use with the basic unit.
Although some single-use disposable dust masks were at one time "approved" by NIOSH for use with asbestos, they should not be used during asbestos abatement projects. NIOSH has stated that these respirators do not provide adequate protection against asbestos. As a rule of thumb, negative pressure, air-purifying respirators with HEPA filters may be used during glovebag procedures.
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Only those individuals who are medically capable to wear respiratory protective equipment shall be issued a respirator. Initially, before being issued one, an employee will receive pertinent tests to evaluate medical and physical conditions, and annually thereafter. Medical tests to be conducted by a physician often include: pulmonary function tests, a chest x-ray (if a physician deems it necessary), electrocardiogram, and any other tests needed for proper evaluation by a physician. A medical history in the form of a questionnaire is collected as well for each individual. Other factors to be considered by a physician may include: emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis, heart disease, anemia, hemophilia, poor eyesight, poor hearing, hernia, lack of finger or hand usage, epileptic seizures, and other factors which might inhibit the ability of an employee to wear respiratory equipment.
Each employee designated to wear a respirator must receive adequate training. The training session (initial and periodic training) should be conducted by a qualified individual to ensure that employees understand the limitations, use, and maintenance of respiratory equipment. EHSO can provide this training for you. Call us at 770-645-0788!
One of the most important elements of an effective respirator program is fit. The OSHA Asbestos Standards (29 CFR 1910.1001/ 1926. 1 , 10 4 and the OSHA respirator standard (29 CFR 1910.134) require that the fit of respirators be determined when the respirator is issued and every six months thereafter for all negative pressure respirators. Procedures for fit-testing should be addressed in the written respirator program. A discussion of fit-testing is included elsewhere in this section.
Whenever possible, a respirator should be reserved for the exclusive use of a single individual. Following each use, the respirator should be cleaned and disinfected. The following procedures can be used to clean a respirator:
Inspection of the respirator is an important, routine task. It should be done before and after each use. The following items should be checked, at a minimum.
A. Rubber facepiece should be checked for:
B. Headstraps should be checked for:
C. Valves
D. Filter Elements
The Use of Respirators is the Least Satisfactory Method
Engineering and work practice controls are generally regarded as the most effective methods to control exposures to airborne hazardous substances. OSHA considers the use of respirators to be the least satisfactory approach to exposure control because�
If you need help developing a respiratory protection program, call EHSO at 770-645-0788!
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The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming
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